TP53

Breast cancer starts in the cells of the breast. An inherited predisposition raises lifetime risk and can bring it on younger, so it is managed with earlier and more frequent breast screening (such as MRI alongside mammography) and, for some, risk-reducing options.

Endocrine cancers affect hormone-producing glands such as the thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands or pancreatic islet cells. Inherited variants can drive tumours in one or more of these glands, so awareness supports periodic hormone testing and imaging to catch changes early.

Gastrointestinal cancers arise along the digestive tract, from the stomach and small bowel to the colon. Inherited variants can raise the risk at one or more of these sites, so knowing your status supports earlier, more frequent endoscopic screening.

Genitourinary cancers affect the urinary and reproductive organs, such as the bladder, kidney and prostate. Some inherited syndromes raise the risk across several of these sites, so awareness supports tailored screening discussions.

Gynaecologic cancers include ovarian, uterine (endometrial) and related cancers. Inherited variants can raise the risk of one or more of these, so knowing your status guides screening discussions and risk-reducing options such as surgery after childbearing.

Haematological cancers affect the blood and bone marrow, including leukaemias and lymphomas. Some inherited variants raise their risk, so carriers benefit from awareness of relevant symptoms and, in some syndromes, periodic blood-count monitoring.

Cancers of the nervous system and brain arise in the brain, spinal cord or their supporting tissues. Some inherited syndromes raise the risk of these tumours, so awareness supports prompt assessment of new neurological symptoms and, where indicated, imaging surveillance.

Skin cancers develop in the skin, often driven by UV exposure. Some inherited variants add to this risk, so carriers benefit from sun protection and regular skin checks that catch changes early, when treatment is simplest.

Sarcomas are cancers of connective tissues such as bone, muscle, fat and cartilage. Certain inherited syndromes raise their risk, so awareness supports prompt assessment of unexplained lumps or bone pain and, in some syndromes, imaging surveillance.